Comparison of periodontal parameters in individuals with syndromic craniosynostosis

Craniosynostosis syndromes are characterized by premature closure of one or more cranial sutures, associated with other malformations, the most frequent of which are the Crouzon and Apert syndromes. Few studies in the literature have addressed the oral health of these individuals. The purpose of this study was to compare the periodontal status of individuals with Apert, Crouzon, Pfeiffer and Saethre-Chotzen syndromes before toothbrushing and compare the efficiency of plaque removal before and after mechanical toothbrushing. The probing depth, plaque index (according to Lõe and O'Leary), clinical attachment level, gingival index (according to Silness and Lõe) and amount of keratinized mucosa were evaluated before toothbrushing, and the O'Leary plaque index was assessed before and immediately after toothbrushing, on the same day, in 27 individuals aged 11 to 36 years. There was statistically significant difference in the mean probing depth and clinical attachment level among regions (p=0.00; p=0.01, respectively). The gingival index did not reveal statistically significant differences. With regard to the plaque index, the left region exhibited higher plaque index values than the right and anterior regions. No significant results were found in the analysis of keratinized mucosa. Comparison of the O'Leary plaque index before and after toothbrushing revealed statistically significant difference for all syndromes except for the Pfeiffer syndrome (p<0.05). In conclusion, there was no difference in the periodontal status among individuals with syndromic craniosynostosis. The posterior region was more affected than the anterior region as to the presence of plaque, loss of insertion and probing depth. Individuals with Pfeiffer syndrome exhibited greater toothbrushing efficiency than individuals with the other craniosynostosis syndromes.

Influência do estrógeno no periodonto de mulheres menopausadas / Influence of the estrogen in the periodontium of menopausal women

Doenças periodontais são infecções causadas por bactérias específicas que colonizam a área subgengival, sendo que o início e a progressão da doença podem ser modificados por condições sistêmicas. Alterações nos níveis hormonais, como as que ocorrem na menopausa e com o uso de suplementos hormonais, podem levar à quebra da homeostase do periodonto e facilitar o desenvolvimento da gengivite. A terapia de reposição hormonal (TRH) repõe os níveis de hormônios e controla os problemas causados pela menopausa. A associação entre deficiência de estrógeno e doenças periodontais tem sido questionada. Assim, avaliamos as condições periodontais em mulheres menopausadas, que utilizam ou não TRH. As condições periodontais observadas nos grupos de mulheres não menopausadas, menopausadas com terapia de reposição hormonal e sem terapia de reposição não apresentaram diferenças que pudessem ser causadas pelo status hormonal da paciente. Entretanto, foram observadas diferenças na ocorrência de episódios hemorrágicos entre os grupos pré e pós-menopausa, devido à alteração endotelial vascular causada pela deficiência nos níveis de estrógeno circulante...

The influence of estrogen in the periodontium of postmenopausal women periodontal diseases are infections caused by certain bacteriain the subgingival area; the disease start and progression can be altered by systemic conditions. Alterations in hormonal levels caused by menopause or hormonal supplementing can result in periodontal homeostasis break and bring about gingivitis. Hormonal reposition therapy provides hormonal balance and control menopause problems. The association between estrogen deficiency and periodontal diseases has been under attack. The periodontal conditions of postmenopausal women, in hormonal supplementing therapy or not, were assessed. The periodontal conditions of non-menopausal women, postmenopausal women in hormonal reposition therapy and postmenopausal women with no hormonal therapy at all did not show differences that could be explained by the patient’s hormonal status. There were, however, differences in occurrence of bleeding episodes between the pre and postmenopause groups, given the vascular endothelial alterations brought about by low levels of estrogen.